| Ingredient |
Amount |
Substitution |
| |
| Allspice |
1 teaspoon |
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, and 1/4 teaspoon cloves |
| Arrowroot starch |
1 teaspoon |
1 tablespoon flour, or 1 teaspoon cornstarch |
| Baking mix |
1 cup |
1 cup pancake mix OR 1 cup Easy Biscuit Mixture |
| Baking powder |
1 teaspoon |
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/2 cup) |
| Beer |
1 cup |
1 cup nonalcoholic beer OR 1 cup chicken broth |
| Brandy |
1/4 cup |
1 teaspoon imitation brandy extract plus enough water to make 1/4 cup |
| Bread crumbs |
1 cup |
1 cup cracker crumbs OR 1 cup matzo meal OR 1 cup ground oats |
| Broth - beef or chicken |
1 cup |
1 bouillon cube plus 1 cup boiling water OR 1 tablespoon soy sauce plus enough water to make 1 cup OR 1 cup vegetable broth |
| Brown sugar |
1 cup, packed |
1 cup white sugar plus 1/4 cup molasses and decrease the liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup OR 1 cup white sugar OR 1 1/4 cups confectioners' sugar |
| Butter (salted) |
1 cup |
1 cup margarine OR 1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Butter (unsalted) |
1 cup |
1 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil OR 7/8 cup lard |
| Buttermilk |
1 cup |
1 cup yogurt OR 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup |
| Cheddar cheese |
1 cup shredded |
1 cup shredded Colby cheddar OR 1 cup shredded Monterey Jack cheese |
| Chervil |
1 tablespoon chopped fresh |
1 tablespoon chopped fresh parsley |
| Chicken base |
1 tablespoon |
1 cup canned or homemade chicken broth or stock. Reduce liquid in recipe by 1
cup |
| Chocolate (semisweet) |
1 ounce |
1 (1 ounce) square of unsweetened chocolate plus 4 teaspoons sugar OR 1 ounce semisweet chocolate chips plus 1 teaspoon shortening |
| Chocolate (unsweetened) |
1 ounce |
3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa plus 1 tablespoon shortening or vegetable oil |
| Cocoa |
1/4 cup |
1 (1 ounce) square unsweetened chocolate |
| Condensed cream of mushroom soup |
1 (10.75 ounce) can |
1 (10.75 ounce) can condensed cream of celery, cream of chicken, or golden mushroom soup |
| Corn syrup |
1 cup |
1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water OR 1 cup honey OR 1 cup light treacle syrup |
| Cottage cheese |
1 cup |
1 cup farmers cheese OR 1 cup ricotta cheese |
| Cracker crumbs |
1 cup |
1 cup bread crumbs OR 1 cup matzo meal OR 1 cup ground oats |
| Cream (half and half) |
1 cup |
7/8 cup milk plus 1 tablespoon butter |
| Cream (heavy) |
1 cup |
1 cup evaporated milk OR 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter |
| Cream (light) |
1 cup |
1 cup evaporated milk OR 3/4 cup milk plus 3 tablespoons butter |
| Cream (whipped) |
1 cup |
1 cup frozen whipped topping, thawed |
| Cream cheese |
1 cup shredded |
1 cup pureed cottage cheese OR 1 cup plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth |
| Cream of tartar |
1 teaspoon |
2 teaspoons lemon juice or vinegar |
| Crème fraiche |
1 cup |
Combine 1 cup of heavy cream and 1 tablespoon of plain yogurt. Let stand for 6 hours at room temperature |
| Egg |
1 whole (3 tablespoons) |
2 1/2 tablespoons of powdered egg substitute plus 2 1/2 tablespoons water OR 1/4 cup liquid egg substitute OR 1/4 cup silken tofu pureed OR 3 tablespoons mayonnaise OR 1/2 a banana mashed with 1/2 teaspoon baking powder OR 1 tablespoon powdered flax seed soaked in 3 tablespoons water |
| Evaporated milk |
1 cup |
1 cup light cream |
| Farmers cheese |
8 ounces |
8 ounces dry cottage cheese OR 8 ounces creamed cottage cheese, drained |
| Fats for baking |
1 cup |
1 cup applesauce OR 1 cup fruit puree |
| Flour - Bread |
1 cup |
1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon wheat gluten |
| Flour - Cake |
1 cup |
1 cup all-purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons |
| Flour - Self Rising |
1 cup |
7/8 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon of salt |
| Garlic |
1 clove |
1/8 teaspoon garlic powder OR 1/2 teaspoon granulated garlic OR 1/2 teaspoon garlic salt - reduce salt in recipe |
| Gelatin |
1 tablespoon, granulated |
2 teaspoons agar agar |
| Ginger - dry |
1 teaspoon |
2 teaspoons chopped fresh ginger |
| Ginger - fresh |
1 teaspoon, minced |
1/2 teaspoon ground dried ginger |
| Green onion |
1/2 cup, chopped |
1/2 cup chopped onion, OR 1/2 cup chopped leek OR 1/2 cup chopped shallots |
| Hazelnuts |
1 cup whole |
1 cup macadamia nuts OR 1 cup almonds |
| Herbs - fresh |
1 tablespoon chopped fresh |
1 teaspoon chopped dried herbs |
| Herring |
8 ounces |
8 ounces of sardines |
| Honey |
1 cup |
1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water OR 1 cup corn syrup OR 1 cup light treacle syrup |
| Hot pepper sauce |
1 teaspoon |
3/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper plus 1 teaspoon vinegar |
| Ketchup |
1 cup |
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1 teaspoon vinegar plus 1 tablespoon sugar |
| Lard |
1 cup |
1 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil OR 1 cup butter |
| Lemon grass |
2 fresh stalks |
1 tablespoon lemon zest |
| Lemon juice |
1 teaspoon |
1/2 teaspoon vinegar OR 1 teaspoon white wine OR 1 teaspoon lime juice |
| Lemon zest |
1 teaspoon |
1/2 teaspoon lemon extract OR 2 tablespoons lemon juice |
| Lime juice |
1 teaspoon |
1 teaspoon vinegar OR 1 teaspoon white wine OR 1 teaspoon lemon juice |
| Lime zest |
1 teaspoon |
1 teaspoon lemon
zest |
| Macadamia nuts |
1 cup |
1 cup almonds OR 1 cup hazelnuts |
| Mace |
1 teaspoon |
1 teaspoon nutmeg |
| Margarine |
1 cup |
1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 1 cup butter OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Mayonnaise |
1 cup |
1 cup sour cream OR 1 cup plain yogurt |
| Milk - whole |
1 cup |
1 cup soy milk OR 1 cup rice milk OR 1 cup water or juice OR 1/4 cup dry milk powder plus 1 cup water OR 2/3 cup evaporated milk plus 1/3 cup water |
| Mint - fresh |
1/4 cup chopped |
1 tablespoon dried mint leaves |
| Molasses |
1 cup |
mix together 3/4 cup brown sugar and 1 teaspoon cream of tartar |
| Mustard - prepared |
1 tablespoon |
Mix together 1 tablespoon dried mustard, 1 teaspoon water, 1 teaspoon vinegar and 1 teaspoon sugar |
| Onion |
1 cup, chopped |
1 cup chopped green onions OR 1 cup chopped shallots OR 1 cup chopped leeks OR 1/4 cup dried minced onion OR 1/4 cup onion powder |
| Orange juice |
1 tablespoon |
1 tablespoon other citrus juice |
| Orange zest |
1 tablespoon |
1/2 teaspoon orange extract OR 1 teaspoon lemon juice |
| Parmesan Cheese |
1/2 cup, grated |
1/2 cup grated Asiago cheese OR 1/2 cup grated Romano cheese |
| Parsley |
1 tablespoon chopped fresh |
1 tablespoon chopped fresh chervil OR 1 teaspoon dried parsley |
| Pepperoni |
1 ounce |
1 ounce salami |
| Raisin |
1 cup |
1 cup dried currants OR 1 cup dried cranberries OR 1 cup chopped pitted prunes |
| Rice - white |
1 cup, cooked |
1 cup cooked barley OR 1 cup cooked bulgur OR 1 cup cooked brown or wild rice |
| Ricotta |
1 cup |
1 cup dry cottage cheese OR 1 cup silken tofu |
| Rum |
1 tablespoon |
1/2 teaspoon rum extract, plus enough water to make 1 tablespoon |
| Saffron |
1/4 teaspoon |
1/4 teaspoon turmeric |
| Salami |
1 ounce |
1 ounce pepperoni |
| Semisweet chocolate chips |
1 cup |
1 cup chocolate candies OR 1 cup peanut butter or other flavored chips OR 1 cup chopped nuts OR 1 cup chopped dried fruit |
| Shallots, chopped |
1/2 cup |
1/2 cup chopped onion, OR 1/2 cup chopped leek OR 1/2 cup chopped green onion |
| Shortening |
1 cup |
1 cup butter OR 1 cup margarine minus 1/2 teaspoon salt from recipe |
| Sour cream |
1 cup |
1 cup plain yogurt OR 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough cream to make 1 cup OR 3/4 cup buttermilk mixed with 1/3 cup butter |
| Sour milk |
1 cup |
1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice mixed with enough milk to make 1 cup - Let stand 5 minutes to thicken |
| Soy sauce |
1/2 cup |
4 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce mixed with 1 tablespoon water |
| Stock - beef or chicken |
1 cup |
1 cube beef or chicken bouillon dissolved in 1 cup water |
| Sweetened condensed milk |
1 (14 ounce) can |
3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 1/8 cups dry powdered milk - Bring to a boil, and cook, stirring frequently until thickened, about 20 minutes |
| Vegetable oil - for baking |
1 cup |
1 cup applesauce OR 1 cup fruit puree |
| Vegetable oil - for frying |
1 cup |
1 cup lard OR 1 cup vegetable shortening |
| Vinegar |
1 teaspoon |
1 teaspoon lemon or lime juice OR 2 teaspoons white wine |
| White sugar |
1 cup |
1 cup brown sugar OR 1 1/4 cups confectioners' sugar OR 3/4 cup honey OR 3/4 cup corn syrup |
| Wine |
1 cup |
1 cup chicken or beef broth OR 1 cup fruit juice mixed with 2 teaspoons vinegar OR 1 cup water |
| Yeast - active dry |
1 (.25 ounce) package |
1 cake compressed yeast OR 2 1/2 teaspoons active dry yeast OR 2 1/2 teaspoons rapid rise yeast |
| Yogurt |
1 cup |
1 cup sour cream OR 1 cup buttermilk OR 1 cup sour milk |
